Abd al-wahhab biography graphic organizer

Retrieved January 08, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia. Among the least understood of the thinkers and leaders who have shaped the modern world is Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab c.

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's life and beliefs are a source of controversy, both within Islam and in the Western non-Islamic world. Even the term "Wahabbism" is controversial, for within Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's own lifetime it and its Arabic equivalents were used primarily by Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's opponents; his followers called themselves Muwahiddun or Unitarians, believers in a unity.

His writings and actions are susceptible to multiple interpretations. But it can be said that Ibn Abd al-Wahhab was essentially a puritan—not in the contemporary sense of that word, which now tends to refer exclusively to restrictions on sexual activity and its depiction in cultural products, but in the word's older sense, used by early American colonists and indicating a return to the basic tenets of a religion, in this case Islam.

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's influence was closely bound up with the emergence of Saudi Arabia as a state, and his ideas continue to flourish there, a fact of immense importance in contemporary world affairs. The facts of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's life, transmitted to posterity mostly by a circle of close followers, are not always clear. He was born in or in the town of al-Uyaynah in the Najd region of the Arabian peninsula, now in northern Saudi Arabia.

His family, at least as far back as a grandfather who was a famous judge in religious maters, contained scholars in the conservative Hanbali tradition, one of the main schools of legal thinking in Sunni Islam. By the time he was ten he had memorized the Quran, and he made the required hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca as a teenager. Soon after that he traveled to the religious center of Medina, studying with noted religious scholars in addition to his own father.

By that time he had already begun preaching in his hometown, and it had become apparent that he was controversial from the start. His teachings were based directly on the Quran itself and on the hadith tradition of teachings associated with the Prophet Muhammad. He rejected the influence of local religious scholars known as ulamawho in turn worked to minimize his influence.

He was forced to leave al-Uyaynah, marking the first of several occasions in which he ran afoul of powerful figures. It was at this point that he traveled to Mecca and Medina. Among the figures with whom he studied was Muhammad Hayat al-Sindi, a figure from the Indian subcontinent who had witnessed the deterioration of the Mughal Empire, and who inculcated in Ibn Abd al-Wahhab the idea that pure forms of Islam could regenerate lost political glories.

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab also studied in Basra in what is now Iraq. By this time he was considered an erudite young scholar, and his teacher, Muhammad al-Mujmui, allowed his own children to study with Ibn Abd al-Wahhab. In Basra Ibn Abd al-Wahhab probably encountered scholars from the rival Shia branch of Islam, which he denounced in one treatise.

But his quarrel was not primarily with Shia Islam, or with the mystic Sufi sect that he sometimes denounced. Rather, Ibn Abd al-Wahhab was motivated above all by the principle of tawhid or montheism, a belief in one God, called Allah in Arabic. He rejected belief in any idol, and he did not accept that any earthly object could be associated with the divine.

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab made his way abd al-wahhab biography graphic organizer to the Arabian peninsula, staying in his hometown and then in Al-Ahsa, and finally moving to Huraymila, where his father had taken up residence. It was at this time that he began to attract supporters in large numbers, with two local tribes joining forces to accept him as a religious leader.

He also gained detractors in equal numbers, apparently stirring up anger among a group of slaves with his strict fulminations against sexual immorality. Members of this group mounted an assassination attempt against Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, but it was unsuccessful. The label "Wahhabi" is not claimed by his followers but rather employed by Western scholars as well as his critics.

Read more on Wikipedia. Sincethe English Wikipedia page of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab has received more than 2, page views. His biography is available in 55 different languages on Wikipedia up from 52 in Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Hamad b. Shaikh Muhammad as a youth excelled in intelligence and bodily strength and physique. He had a sharp temperament.

One British Muslim comments that petro-dollars are available in the Muslim diaspora only to those mosques that are prepared to "become the mouthpiece of foreign governments. This may be seen as either an effort to not humiliate Ibn 'Abd Al-Wahhab or to simply not draw unwanted attention to the Wahhabi movement. Tantawi wrote that he received word of Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab's teachings through word-of-mouth and letters from local "authorities.

A historian at the time, Ibn Turki, considered Qabbani to be among the four most prolific refuters of Wahhabism, particularly because, unlike Tantawi, he had actually read Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's writings. Qabbani later wrote a formal, anti-Wahhabis tract, citing both sources.

Abd al-wahhab biography graphic organizer

This was spearheaded by Shaykh Mahmud Shukri al-Alusi. Al-Alusi became so incensed at this assertion that he stated that he would not even accept Wahhabis as students. In this work al-Alusi replies to refutes a treatise he had received from a Palestinian Sufi Shaykh named Yusuf al-Nabhani. Al-Alusi assaults Nabhani for belonging to a Sufi order in which was practiced.

Al-Alusi then states that this abhorrent practice was often employed by the Wahhabis. Bin Saud and his heirs would spend the next years mounting various military campaigns to seize control of Arabia and its outlying regions. The most successful of these would establish the present-day Kingdom of Saudi Arabiaproviding the Wahhabi movement with a state.

Vast wealth from oil discovered in the following decades, coupled with Saudi, and thus Wahhabi, control of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, have since fueled Wahhabi missionary activity. Perceptions of Muhammed Abd Al-Wahhab are varied. To many Muslims who reside in Saudi Arabia or whose Islamic education came from Saudi Arabian instructors of which there are many abroad, especially in the United Statesthe United Arab Emiratesand other Islamic countries which have prominent SaudisAbd-al-Wahhab is a leading luminary in the proud tradition of Islamic scholarship.

A great number of Sunni Muslims regard him as a pious scholar whose interpretations of Qur'an and Hadith were nevertheless out of step with the mainstream of Islamic thought, and thus discredited. Wahhabi Islam stresses the importance of exact conformity to the rituals of Islam and a literal interpretation of the Qur'an. For example, while modernist Muslims regard a Qur'anic penalty such as amputation for theft as appropriate in the seventh century but inappropriate for today, when an alternative penalty—albeit a severe alternative—can be substituted, Wahhabis insist on amputation once certain conditions have been met.

Modernists do not believe that the Qur'an permits men to marry more than one wife except in extraordinary circumstances; Wahhabis regard this as an absolute right. Modernists interpret the Qur'an as prescribing modest dress for both sexes; Wahhabis insist that women cover their whole bodies.