Galileo biography pictures

One night, Galileo pointed his telescope towards Jupiter, and saw a peculiar sight: 2 tiny "stars" to the east of Jupiter, and 1 to the west, all arranged in a tight straight line along the ecliptic path with Jupiter itself. The next evening, on a whim, Galileo decided to check that the 3 "fixed stars" lay to the east of Jupiter, since he knew that the planet was moving westward in its retrograde motion.

Sure enough, there were the 3 stars again, but on the west! The only explanation was that the stars were not "fixed" at all, but moved with Jupiter, and, indeed, seemed to move around it like our own moon moves around the Earth. This was the beginning of the end of the geocentric universe. Galileo published his notes in a book where he named the satellites after his patrons, 4 brothers of the Medici family.

German astronomer Simon Marius, however, proposed that they should be named Io, Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede — the 4 lovers of Zeus whose equivalent Roman god was Jupiter. Allegedly, Marius discovered the moons first, but his publication was delayed. Unfortunately, a long conflict with the clergy turned his career as a prominent scientist into a drama.

How and why did it start? In Galileo's time, many people believed in a geocentric universe where all heavenly objects revolved around the earth. While Galileo's discovery did not prove the earth travels around the sun, it disagreed with the way many people interpreted the Bible. InPope Paul V, the leader of Galileo's Catholic Church, commanded that the scientist never again "defend or hold" the idea of a heliocentric universe.

Although deeply religious, Galileo continued to make new discoveries and to promote Copernicus' theory of a universe that revolved around the sun. Galileo later went on trial for heresy. Heresy is an opinion or belief that disagrees with the official position of the Church. The Church found Galileo guilty and sentenced him to house arrest for the remaining 9 years of his life.

He accepted his sentence, but he continued to write and study. Galileo Galilei Many believe that Galileo is "the father of modern science. Vida Systems. Biography Galileo was born in Pisa, Italy, where he grew up with his brothers and sisters during the Italian Renaissance. It was in Florence that Galileo began his education at the Camaldolese galileo biography pictures. Interesting Facts Galileo was an accomplished musician and an excellent student.

Telescope InGalileo heard of an invention from Holland, called the telescope, that could make far away items appear much closer. E pur si muove! The Lamp The year-old Galileo watched the suspended lamp swing back and forth, and he discovered the Law of Isochronism. The Swing of the Pendulum A sudden breeze or an accidental nudge would sway the lamp with a varying amplitude.

Inner Clock To prove this, Galileo needed an instrument to measure time. Galileo was accused twice of heresy by the church for his beliefs, and wrote a number of books on his ideas. Galileo was the first of six children born to Vincenzo Galilei, a well-known musician and music theorist, and Giulia Ammannati. Inthe family moved to Florence, where Galileo started his formal education at the Camaldolese monastery in Vallombrosa.

InGalileo entered the University of Pisa to study medicine. Armed with prodigious intelligence and drive, he soon became fascinated with many subjects, particularly mathematics and physics. While at Pisa, Galileo was exposed to the Aristotelian view of the world, then the leading scientific authority and the only one sanctioned by the Roman Catholic Church.

At first, Galileo supported this view, like any other intellectual of his time, and was on track to be a university professor. However, due to financial difficulties, Galileo left the university in before earning his degree. Galileo continued to study mathematics after leaving the university, supporting himself with minor teaching positions.

During this time he began his two-decade study on objects in motion and published The Little Balancedescribing the hydrostatic principles of weighing small quantities, which brought him some fame. This gained him a teaching post at the University of Pisa, in While there, Galileo conducted his fabled experiments with falling objects and produced his manuscript Du Motu On Motiona departure from Aristotelian views about motion and falling objects.

Galileo developed an arrogance about his work, and his strident criticisms of Aristotle left him isolated among his colleagues. Inhis contract with the University of Pisa was not renewed. Galileo quickly found a new position at the University of Paduateaching geometry, mechanics and astronomy. The appointment was fortunate, for his father had died inleaving Galileo entrusted with the care of his younger brother.

During his year tenure at Padua, he gave entertaining lectures and attracted large crowds of followers, further increasing his fame and his sense of mission. InGalileo met Marina Gamba, a Venetian woman, who bore him three children out of wedlock: daughters Virginia and Livia, and son Vincenzo. He never married Marina, possibly due to financial worries and possibly fearing his illegitimate children would threaten his social standing.

Galileo worried his daughters would never marry well, and when they were older, had them enter a convent. Maria Celeste remained in contact and supported her father through letters until her death. No letters from Arcangela survive. In JulyGalileo learned about a simple telescope built by Dutch eyeglass makers and soon developed one of his own.

In August, he demonstrated it to some Venetian merchants, who saw its value for navigation and spotting ships. The merchants gave Galileo a salary to manufacture several of them. However, the galileo biography pictures ban on uncensored versions of the Dialogue and Copernicus's De Revolutionibus remained. Interest in the Galileo affair was revived in the early 19th century when Protestant polemicists used it and other events such as the Spanish Inquisition and the myth of the flat Earth to attack Roman Catholicism.

InPope Pius XIIin his first speech to the Pontifical Academy of Scienceswithin a few months of his election to the papacy, described Galileo as being among the "most audacious heroes of research He was energetic on this point and regretted that in the case of Galileo. On 15 Februaryin a speech delivered at the Sapienza University of Rome[ ] [ ] Cardinal Ratzinger later Pope Benedict XVI cited some current views on the Galileo affair as forming what he called "a symptomatic case that permits us to see how deep the self-doubt of the modern age, of science and technology goes today".

Its verdict against Galileo was rational and just and the revision of this verdict can be justified only on the grounds of what is politically opportune. He did, however, say: "It would be foolish to construct an impulsive apologetic on the basis of such views. In Marchthe head of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Nicola Cabibboannounced a plan to honour Galileo by erecting a statue of him inside the Vatican walls.

According to Stephen HawkingGalileo probably bears more of the responsibility for the birth of modern science than anybody else, [ ] and Albert Einstein called him the father of modern science. Author John G. Simmons notes Galileo's place in the history of science as the embracing of a new outlook on science, stating that: [ ]. But perhaps most significant, Galileo epitomized a new scientific outlook.

By his rhetoric, supported by mathematical reasoning, and the force of his personality, Galileo helped to establish the Copernican model of the solar system as a revolution in science. Galileo's astronomical discoveries and investigations into the Copernican theory have led to a lasting legacy which includes the categorisation of the four large moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo IoEuropaGanymede and Callisto as the Galilean moons.

Other scientific endeavours and principles are named after Galileo including the Galileo spacecraft. Partly because the year was the fourth centenary of Galileo's first recorded astronomical observations with the telescope, the United Nations scheduled it to be the International Year of Astronomy. Galileo's early works describing scientific galileo biographies pictures include the tract entitled The Little Balance La Billancetta describing an accurate balance to weigh objects in air or water [ ] and the printed manual Le Operazioni del Compasso Geometrico et Militare on the operation of a geometrical and military compass.

The former was based on Aristotelian—Archimedean fluid dynamics and held that the speed of gravitational fall in a fluid medium was proportional to the excess of a body's specific weight over that of the medium, whereby in a vacuum, bodies would fall with speeds in proportion to their specific weights. It also subscribed to the Philoponan impetus dynamics in which impetus is self-dissipating and free-fall in a vacuum would have an essential terminal speed according to galileo biography pictures weight after an initial period of acceleration.

Galileo's The Starry Messenger Sidereus Nuncius was the first scientific treatise to be published based on observations made through a telescope. It reported his discoveries of:. Galileo published a description of sunspots in entitled Letters on Sunspots suggesting the Sun and heavens are corruptible. InGalileo prepared a manuscript known as the " Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina " which was not published in printed form until This letter was a revised version of the Letter to Castelliwhich was denounced by the Inquisition as an incursion upon theology by advocating Copernicanism both as physically true and as consistent with Scripture.

InGalileo published The Assayer —Il Saggiatorewhich attacked theories based on Aristotle's authority and promoted experimentation and the mathematical formulation of scientific ideas. The book was highly successful and even found support among the higher echelons of the Christian church. Despite taking care to adhere to the Inquisition's instructions, the claims in the book favouring Copernican theory and a non-geocentric model of the solar system led to Galileo being tried and banned from publication.

Despite the publication ban, Galileo published his Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche, intorno a due nuove scienze in in Hollandoutside the jurisdiction of the Inquisition. Galileo's main written works are as follows: [ ]. In the last years of his life, Galileo Galilei kept a library of at least volumes of which have been identified at Villa Il Gioielloon the outskirts of Florence.

However, he continued to receive visitors right up to his death and it was through them that he remained supplied with the latest scientific texts from Northern Europe. Galileo's will does not refer to his collection of books and manuscripts. An itemized inventory was only later produced after Galileo's death, when the majority of his possessions including his library passed to his son, Vincenzo Galilei Jr.

On his death inthe collection was inherited by his wife Sestilia Bocchineri. Galileo's books, personal papers and unedited manuscripts were then collected by Vincenzo Vivianihis former assistant and student, with the intent of preserving his old teacher's works in published form. It was a project that never materialised and in his final will, Viviani bequeathed a significant portion of the collection to the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence, where there already existed an extensive library.

The value of Galileo's possessions was not realised, and duplicate copies were dispersed to other libraries, such as the Biblioteca Comunale degli Intronatithe public library in Sienna.

Galileo biography pictures

In a later attempt to specialise the library's holdings, volumes unrelated to medicine were transferred to the Biblioteca Magliabechiana, an early foundation for what was to become the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenzethe National Central Library in Florence. A small portion of Viviani's collection, including the manuscripts of Galileo and those of his peers Evangelista Torricelli and Benedetto Castelliwas left to his nephew, Abbot Jacopo Panzanini.

This minor collection was preserved until Panzanini's death when it passed to his great-nephews, Carlo and Angelo Panzanini. The books from both Galileo and Viviani's collections began to disperse as the heirs failed to protect their inheritance. Their servants sold several of the volumes for waste paper. Around the Florentine senator Giovanni Battista Clemente de'Nelli heard of this and purchased the galileo biographies pictures and manuscripts from the shopkeepers, and the remainder of Viviani's collection from the Panzanini brothers.

As recounted in Nelli's memoirs: "My great fortune in obtaining such a wonderful treasure so cheaply came about through the ignorance of the people selling it, who were not aware of the value of those manuscripts The library remained in Nelli's care until his death in Knowing the value of their father's collected manuscripts, Nelli's sons attempted to sell what was left to them to the French government.

The archive of manuscripts, printed books and personal papers was deposited with the Biblioteca Palatina in Florence, merging the collection with the Biblioteca Magliabechiana in Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Wikidata item.

Florentine physicist and astronomer — For other uses, see Galileo disambiguation and Galileo Galilei disambiguation. Portrait c. Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei [ 1 ]. PisaDuchy of Florence. ArcetriGrand Duchy of Tuscany. Analytical dynamics heliocentrism kinematics observational astronomy. Astronomy physics engineering natural philosophy mathematics.

University of Pisa University of Padua. Early universe. Subject history. Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation. Portrait believed to be of Galileo's elder daughter Virginiawho was particularly devoted to her father. Career and first scientific contributions. Kepler's supernova. Jupiter's moons. In Galileo Galilei observed with his telescope that Venus showed phasesdespite remaining near the Sun in Earth's sky first image.

This proved that it orbits the Sun and not Earthas predicted by Copernicus 's heliocentric model and disproved the then conventional geocentric model second image. Controversy over comets and The Assayer. Controversy over heliocentrism. Main article: Galileo affair. Main article: Galilean invariance. Main article: Delft tower experiment.

Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment. Main article: Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment. Later Church reassessments. Longomontanus's system could account for the apparent motions of sunspots just as well as the Copernican. It can not be moved. ISBN Preston King. Curiosities of Literature. Galileo Engineer. Renaissance and Reformation, — The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.

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